The Impact of omega-3 supplementation on body weight in cancer patients Evidence-base case report

Abstract

Introduction: Cancer-related malnutrition affects 20-70% of patients, causing anorexia and increased energy expenditure, leading to muscle and adipose tissue decline. Omega-3 PUFA supplementation is believed to reduce inflammation and maintain muscle strength and weight, improving the quality of life. This study aims to examine its effectiveness in aiding weight maintenance in cancer patients.

Case Illustration: A 23-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with a worsening headache. He had a history of craniotomy, maxillectomy, and tracheostomy due to a tumor obstructing his airway, followed by chemotherapy. Despite normal bowel and urination, he reported decreased appetite and weight loss. Physical examination revealed severe malnutrition and a left facial mass with temporal hollowing. Anemia, hyponatremia, and hypokalemia were noted. The patient was scheduled for surgery and advised dietary adjustments and omega-3 supplementation to manage inflammation and prevent further weight loss. He questioned its efficacy beyond cardiovascular health.

Discussion: A critical review revealed significant outcomes of omega-3 supplementation on cancer patients' weight. Cancer induces inflammation and metabolic changes, leading to anorexia and muscle decline. Omega-3 suppresses inflammation, improves appetite, and promotes weight gain. Studies support its efficacy in various cancer types. Concerns over chemoresistance and gastrointestinal effects exist. Nonetheless, omega-3 can be safely integrated into cancer patient management to improve treatment response and quality of life. Supplementation with at least 1g of EPA is recommended for its anti-inflammatory benefits.

Conclusion: Omega-3 supplementation can help maintain weight in cancer patients.