Expression of thyroid transcription factor-1, P40, and cytokeratin 5/6 in non-small cell lung carcinoma at Persahabatan Hospital in 2021

Abstract

Background: Non-small cell Lung carcinoma (NSCLC) comprises 80% of lung cancer and mainly consists of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry plays an important role in accurately diagnosis of different types of lung cancer.

Aim: To determine the expression of thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), P40, and cytokeratin 5/6 (CK 5/6) in lung cancer and to determine the differences in the expression of TTF-1, P40, and CK 5/6 in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.

Method: This study is a cross-sectional study with 47 samples, 35 adenocarcinoma and 12 squamous cell carcinoma for immunohistochemistry examination. Immunohistochemistry examination on TTF-1 expression using monoclonal mouse antibody 8G7G3/1, P40 expression using polyclonal rabbit antibody, and CK 5/6 expression using CK5/6.007 monoclonal mouse antibody.

Results: Expression of TTF-1 was found in 25 cases of adenocarcinoma (71.4%) and in four cases of squamous cell carcinoma (33.3%). P40 was expressed in eight cases of squamous cell carcinoma (66.7%) and in six cases of adenocarcinoma (17.1%). Cytokeratin 5/6 was expressed in eight cases of squamous cell carcinoma (66.7%) and in four cases of adenocarcinoma (11.4%). Thyroid transcription factor-1 had a positive correlation with adenocarcinoma, whereas P40 and CK 5/6 negatively correlated with adenocarcinoma, but were more associated with squamous cell carcinoma.

Conclusions: There were significant differences in TTF-1, P40, and CK 5/6 expressions between adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, but the three expressions could not be used simultaneously. Thyroid transcription factor-1 expression was more accurate than P40 and CK 5/6 for differentiating adenocarcinoma with squamous cell carcinoma.